What causes climate change?

Climate change is primarily caused by the release of gases into the Earth's atmosphere. These gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), trap heat from the sun that would otherwise escape back into space, leading to a phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect. These gases are consequently referred to as greenhouse gases.

Human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas for energy, are the largest contributors to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Other activities, including deforestation, industrial processes, and agriculture, also play significant roles in adding greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. These emissions enhance the natural greenhouse effect, causing the Earth's average temperature to rise, a phenomenon commonly referred to as global warming.

Feedback mechanisms such as melting ice caps and thawing permafrost amplify the effects of greenhouse gas emissions, further contributing to climate change. Natural factors like volcanic eruptions, long-term variations in solar radiation, and Earth's orbit also influence climate. However, human activities, particularly the release of greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels, are currently the primary drivers of climate change. Understanding these factors is essential for devising effective strategies to address and adapt to the challenges of climate change.